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    <html lang="zh-CN">
    <head>
      <meta charset="UTF-8">
      <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
      <title>微服务架构必须有网关吗？ - 交互式测验</title>
      <style>
        @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+SC:wght@400;500;700&display=swap');
        
        body {
          font-family: 'Noto Sans SC', sans-serif;
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          color: #333;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: center;
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 100vh;
          margin: 0;
          padding: 20px;
          box-sizing: border-box;
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        .main-wrapper {
            position: relative;
            width: 100%;
            max-width: 900px; /* Wider to accommodate buttons */
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            align-items: center;
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        .quiz-container {
          background-color: #ffffff;
          border-radius: 16px;
          box-shadow: 0 8px 32px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
          width: 100%;
          max-width: 700px;
          overflow: hidden;
          z-index: 10;
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        .quiz-header {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          padding: 20px 30px;
          text-align: center;
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        .quiz-header h1 {
          margin: 0;
          font-size: 24px;
          font-weight: 700;
        }
        
        .quiz-header p {
            margin: 5px 0 0;
            font-size: 14px;
            opacity: 0.9;
        }

        .quiz-body {
          padding: 30px;
        }

        .progress-bar {
            display: none; /* 隐藏进度条 */
            width: 100%;
            background-color: #e0e0e0;
            border-radius: 5px;
            height: 10px;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
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        #progress-indicator {
            height: 100%;
            width: 0%;
            background-color: #4caf50;
            border-radius: 5px;
            transition: width 0.3s ease;
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        #question-container {
          margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        #question-text {
          font-size: 18px;
          font-weight: 500;
          line-height: 1.6;
          margin-bottom: 25px;
        }

        .options-list {
          list-style: none;
          padding: 0;
          margin: 0;
        }

        .option-item {
          background-color: #f8f9fa;
          border: 1px solid #dee2e6;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 15px;
          margin-bottom: 12px;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
        }

        .option-item:hover {
          background-color: #e9ecef;
        }
        
        .option-item.selected {
            background-color: #d1e7fd;
            border-color: #4a90e2;
        }

        .quiz-footer {
          padding: 20px 30px;
          display: flex;
          justify-content: space-between; /* 将按钮分布在两侧 */
          align-items: center;
          min-height: 65px; /* Reserve space */
        }

        .nav-btn {
          background-color: #4a90e2;
          color: white;
          border: none;
          border-radius: 8px;
          padding: 10px 20px;
          font-size: 16px;
          font-weight: 500;
          cursor: pointer;
          transition: background-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
          box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
        }
        
        #next-btn {
            background-color: #28a745;
        }

        .nav-btn:hover {
          background-color: #357abd;
          transform: scale(1.05);
        }
        
        .nav-btn:disabled {
            background-color: #a0c3e8;
            cursor: not-allowed;
            opacity: 0.7;
        }

        #result-container {
            border-top: 1px solid #eee;
        }
        
        .result-box {
            border-radius: 8px;
            padding: 20px;
            margin-top: 20px;
        }
        
        .result-box.correct {
            background-color: #d4edda;
            border: 1px solid #c3e6cb;
            color: #155724;
        }

        .result-box.incorrect {
            background-color: #f8d7da;
            border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
            color: #721c24;
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        .result-box h3 {
            margin-top: 0;
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        .explanation-text {
            margin-top: 15px;
            line-height: 1.7;
        }
        
        .source-text {
            font-style: italic;
            font-size: 14px;
            margin-top: 15px;
            color: #555;
        }

        
        .final-score-container {
            padding: 40px;
            text-align: center;
        }
        .final-score-container h2 {
            margin-top: 0;
            margin-bottom: 30px;
        }
        .score-summary {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: center;
            gap: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 40px;
            flex-wrap: wrap;
        }
        .score-card {
            background-color: #f8f9fa;
            border-radius: 12px;
            padding: 20px;
            width: 180px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
            border: 1px solid #e9ecef;
        }
        .score-card h3 {
            margin: 0 0 10px;
            font-size: 16px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: #555;
        }
        .score-card p {
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 28px;
            font-weight: 700;
            color: #333;
        }
        .score-details table {
            width: 100%;
            font-size: 16px;
        }
        .score-details td {
            padding: 4px 0;
        }
        .score-details td:last-child {
            text-align: right;
            font-weight: 700;
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        .report-actions button {
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            transition: background-color 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease;
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        .report-actions button:hover {
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            transform: translateY(-2px);
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        .report-actions button.primary:hover {
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        .hint-container {
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            border: 1px solid #b2ebf2;
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            padding: 15px;
            margin-top: 20px;
            color: #006064;
            font-size: 15px;
            line-height: 1.6;
            display: none; /* 默认隐藏 */
        }
      </style>
    </head>
    <body>
      <div class="main-wrapper">
          <div class="quiz-container">
            <div class="quiz-header">
              <h1>微服务架构必须有网关吗？ - 交互式测验</h1>
              <p>检验你对文档内容的理解程度</p>
            </div>
            <div id="quiz-content">
                <div class="quiz-body">
                    <div class="progress-bar">
                        <div id="progress-indicator"></div>
                    </div>
                    <div id="question-container">
                      <p id="question-text"></p>
                      <ul class="options-list" id="options-list"></ul>
                    </div>
                    <div id="result-container"></div>
                    <div id="hint-container" class="hint-container"></div>
                </div>
                <div class="quiz-footer" id="quiz-footer">
                  <button id="prev-btn" class="nav-btn">上一题</button>
                  <button id="hint-btn" class="nav-btn" style="background-color: #ffc107; color: #333; box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(255,193,7,0.3);">提示</button>
                  <button id="next-btn" class="nav-btn">下一题</button>
                </div>
            </div>
          </div>
      </div>

      <script>
        const quizData = [
  {
    "question": "根据文档，微服务网关与传统网络网关最主要的区别体现在哪个方面？",
    "options": [
      "微服务网关通常是硬件设备，而传统网关是软件。",
      "传统网关关注网络边界的安全防护，而微服务网关更侧重于服务治理和API管理。",
      "传统网关的可编程性更高，而微服务网关配置相对固定。",
      "微服务网关只处理内部流量，而传统网关只处理外部流量。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中的对比表格明确指出，传统网关的核心关注点是安全防护（如防火墙、VPN），而微服务网关的核心关注点是服务治理和API管理，包括路由、负载均衡、认证授权等更高级的功能。",
    "source": "文档中「一、微服务网关的本质与职责」-「2. 传统网关vs微服务网关的区别」部分",
    "hint": "回顾文档中对比传统网关和微服务网关的表格，注意它们在“关注点”上的差异。"
  },
  {
    "question": "在“无网关”的微服务直连模式下，文档指出的主要挑战是什么？",
    "options": [
      "由于减少了网络跳数，服务间的通信性能会显著下降。",
      "服务发现机制会变得异常复杂，导致服务无法相互定位。",
      "安全逻辑分散在每个服务中，导致重复实现和潜在的安全漏洞。",
      "无法实现服务的独立部署和扩展。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档强调，在无网关架构中，每个服务都需要自行实现认证授权、处理跨域、防御攻击等安全逻辑。这不仅导致了代码的重复，也增加了因安全策略不一致而产生的漏洞风险。",
    "source": "文档中「二、\"无网关\"微服务的可能性与挑战」-「2. 缺少网关层可能带来的安全隐患」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下，如果没有统一的“守门人”，每个微服务都需要自己承担哪些额外的安全职责？"
  },
  {
    "question": "文档中提到的“服务聚合”是网关的一项重要职责，它主要解决了什么问题？",
    "options": [
      "将多个微服务的部署包合并为一个，简化部署流程。",
      "确保跨多个微服务的数据库操作具有事务一致性。",
      "减少客户端为获取完整数据而需要发起的网络请求次数。",
      "将多个微服务的日志聚合到统一的监控平台。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "服务聚合是指网关可以将来自多个后端微服务的结果组合成一个单一的响应。这样做的好处是，客户端（如手机App或网页）只需发起一次请求到网关，即可获取所需的所有信息，从而减少了客户端与后端之间的网络通信次数，优化了用户体验。",
    "source": "文档中「三、网关为微服务带来的核心价值」-「3. 服务聚合与协议转换的便利性」部分",
    "hint": "想象一个产品详情页需要同时显示商品信息、库存和用户评价，这些数据来自不同的微服务。网关如何帮助客户端更高效地获取这些信息？"
  },
  {
    "question": "为了避免API网关成为系统的“单点故障”，文档中推荐了哪种核心高可用设计策略？",
    "options": [
      "为网关服务器配置最高的CPU和内存资源。",
      "将所有业务逻辑都迁移到网关层，减少对后端服务的依赖。",
      "定期对网关的配置文件进行手动备份。",
      "部署多个无状态的网关实例，并通过负载均衡器分发流量。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 3,
    "explanation": "文档明确指出，应对单点故障风险的解决方案是部署多个网关实例并结合负载均衡。同时，采用无状态设计使得网关实例可以轻松地进行水平扩展和替换，从而实现高可用性。",
    "source": "文档中「五、网关引入的架构风险与应对策略」-「1. 单点故障风险与高可用网关设计」部分",
    "hint": "“不要把所有的鸡蛋放在一个篮子里”是高可用设计的经典思想。这个思想如何应用在网关部署上？"
  },
  {
    "question": "在对比不同的网关实现时，哪款网关被描述为基于Nginx，并以其丰富的插件生态和卓越性能而著称？",
    "options": [
      "Spring Cloud Gateway",
      "Kong",
      "Apache APISIX",
      "Eureka Gateway"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "文档中明确提到，“Kong是基于Nginx的企业级API网关，具有丰富的插件生态系统”，并指出其“凭借其基于Nginx的架构，提供了卓越的性能和可扩展性”。",
    "source": "文档中「四、常见的微服务网关实现对比」-「2. Kong的插件生态与高性能特性」部分",
    "hint": "文档中提到了一个与高性能Web服务器Nginx紧密相关的网关实现。"
  },
  {
    "question": "根据文档，网关如何提升整个微服务系统的“可观测性”？",
    "options": [
      "通过自动修复出现故障的微服务来提升系统稳定性。",
      "作为所有流量的入口，网关是收集统一日志、指标和添加分布式追踪ID的理想位置。",
      "通过内置的数据库来存储所有服务的历史版本信息。",
      "网关能够预测未来的流量高峰并提前进行扩容。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 1,
    "explanation": "由于所有外部请求都经过网关，它成为了一个中心化的监控点。文档中的示例代码展示了如何在网关层面统一添加追踪ID（Trace ID）、记录请求日志、计算处理时长并上报监控指标，从而极大地简化了整个分布式系统的监控和调试工作。",
    "source": "文档中「三、网关为微服务带来的核心价值」-「4. 微服务可观测性的提升方式」部分",
    "hint": "思考一下，在一个统一的入口点，我们可以为所有流经的请求做哪些统一的标记和度量工作？"
  },
  {
    "question": "为了防止网关变得过于复杂并演变成新的“单体应用”，文档提出的核心原则是什么？",
    "options": [
      "网关应尽可能多地承担业务逻辑，以减轻后端服务的负担。",
      "应选择功能最全面的网关产品，并启用所有可用插件。",
      "网关只应负责通用的横切关注点（如安全、路由），业务逻辑必须保留在各自的微服务中。",
      "定期重构网关，将其拆分为更小的网关集群。"
    ],
    "correctAnswerIndex": 2,
    "explanation": "文档在最后一部分强调了合理控制网关职责边界的重要性。其核心原则是，网关应该专注于处理通用的、与业务无关的横切关注点，如认证、限流、路由等。任何特定的业务逻辑都应该在相应的微服务内部实现，以保持网关的轻量和职责单一。",
    "source": "文档中「五、网关引入的架构风险与应对策略」-「4. 合理控制网关职责边界的原则」部分",
    "hint": "“边界清晰、职责单一”是微服务设计的重要原则，这个原则同样适用于网关本身。"
  }
];
        console.log("Quiz Data:", JSON.parse(JSON.stringify(quizData))); // 添加这行用于调试，以可展开的JSON格式输出
        
        let currentQuestionIndex = 0;
        let score = 0;
        // 存储每个问题的回答状态
        const userAnswers = new Array(quizData.length).fill(null); 

        const questionTextEl = document.getElementById('question-text');
        const optionsListEl = document.getElementById('options-list');
        const resultContainerEl = document.getElementById('result-container');
        const quizContentEl = document.getElementById('quiz-content');
        const progressIndicatorEl = document.getElementById('progress-indicator');
        const prevBtn = document.getElementById('prev-btn');
        const nextBtn = document.getElementById('next-btn');
        const hintBtn = document.getElementById('hint-btn');
        const hintContainerEl = document.getElementById('hint-container');

        function loadQuestion() {
          resultContainerEl.innerHTML = '';
          optionsListEl.innerHTML = '';
          hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none'; // 隐藏提示
          
          if (currentQuestionIndex >= quizData.length) {
            showFinalScore();
            return;
          }

          updateProgress();

          const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
          questionTextEl.textContent = `(${currentQuestionIndex + 1}/${quizData.length}) ${currentQuestion.question}`;
          
          currentQuestion.options.forEach((optionText, index) => {
            const li = document.createElement('li');
            li.className = 'option-item';
            li.textContent = optionText;
            li.dataset.index = index; // Store index in a data attribute
            // 如果这道题已经回答过，恢复状态
            if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
                if (index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    li.classList.add('selected');
                }
            }
            optionsListEl.appendChild(li);
          });

          // 如果已经回答过，直接显示结果
          if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] !== null) {
              const isCorrect = userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;
              showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
          }
          
          updateNavigationButtons();
          updateProgress();
        }

        function selectOption(optionIndex) {
            userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] = optionIndex;
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            const isCorrect = optionIndex === currentQuestion.correctAnswerIndex;

            // 重新计算分数
            score = userAnswers.reduce((acc, answer, index) => {
                return answer === quizData[index].correctAnswerIndex ? acc + 1 : acc;
            }, 0);

            showResult(isCorrect, currentQuestion);
            updateNavigationButtons();
        }
        
        function updateProgress() {
            const answeredQuestions = userAnswers.filter(answer => answer !== null).length;
            const progressPercentage = (answeredQuestions / quizData.length) * 100;
            progressIndicatorEl.style.width = `${progressPercentage}%`;
        }
        
        function updateNavigationButtons() {
            prevBtn.style.display = 'block';
            nextBtn.style.display = 'block';
            hintBtn.style.display = 'block'; // 显示提示按钮

            prevBtn.disabled = currentQuestionIndex === 0;
            nextBtn.disabled = false; // 最后一题时，下一题按钮不禁用，而是用于显示报告
            nextBtn.textContent = (currentQuestionIndex === quizData.length - 1) ? '查看报告' : '下一题';
            
            // 如果当前问题没有提示，则禁用提示按钮并隐藏提示内容
            if (!quizData[currentQuestionIndex].hint) {
                hintBtn.disabled = true;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
                hintContainerEl.textContent = ''; // 清除旧的提示内容
            } else {
                hintBtn.disabled = false;
            }
        }

        function showResult(isCorrect, questionData) {
            resultContainerEl.innerHTML = ''; // 清空之前的结果
            const resultBox = document.createElement('div');
            resultBox.className = `result-box ${isCorrect ? 'correct' : 'incorrect'}`;
            
            let html = `<h3>${isCorrect ? '回答正确！' : '回答错误'}</h3>`;
            if (!isCorrect) {
                html += `<p><strong>正确答案是：</strong> ${questionData.options[questionData.correctAnswerIndex]}</p>`;
            }
            html += `<div class="explanation-text">${questionData.explanation}</div>`;
            html += `<div class="source-text">来源: ${questionData.source}</div>`;
            
            resultBox.innerHTML = html;
            resultContainerEl.appendChild(resultBox);

            // 禁用所有选项的点击事件，并高亮正确/错误答案
            Array.from(optionsListEl.children).forEach((child, index) => {
                child.style.pointerEvents = 'none';
                // 高亮正确答案
                if (index === questionData.correctAnswerIndex) {
                    child.classList.add('correct'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#d4edda';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#c3e6cb';
                }
                // 如果选错了，高亮错误选项
                if (!isCorrect && index === userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex]) {
                    child.classList.add('incorrect'); // 需要添加CSS样式
                    child.style.backgroundColor = '#f8d7da';
                    child.style.borderColor = '#f5c6cb';
                }
            });
        }

        function goToNextQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex < quizData.length - 1) {
                currentQuestionIndex++;
                loadQuestion();
            } else {
                showFinalScore();
            }
        }

        function goToPreviousQuestion() {
            if (currentQuestionIndex > 0) {
                currentQuestionIndex--;
                loadQuestion();
            }
        }
        
        function showHint() {
            const currentQuestion = quizData[currentQuestionIndex];
            if (currentQuestion.hint) {
                hintContainerEl.textContent = currentQuestion.hint;
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'block';
            } else {
                hintContainerEl.style.display = 'none';
            }
        }

        function showFinalScore() {
            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'none';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'none';

            const correctCount = score;
            const totalQuestions = quizData.length;
            const answeredCount = userAnswers.filter(a => a !== null).length;
            const wrongCount = answeredCount - correctCount;
            const skippedCount = totalQuestions - answeredCount;
            const accuracy = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((correctCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;
            const errorRate = totalQuestions > 0 ? Math.round((wrongCount / totalQuestions) * 100) : 0;

            const finalScoreHtml =
                '<div class="final-score-container">' +
                '<h2>答题报告</h2>' +
                '<div class="score-summary">' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>得分</h3>' +
                '<p>' + correctCount + ' / ' + totalQuestions + '</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>正确率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + accuracy + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card">' +
                '<h3>错误率</h3>' +
                '<p>' + errorRate + '%</p>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="score-card score-details">' +
                '<table>' +
                '<tr><td>正确</td><td>' + correctCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>错误</td><td>' + wrongCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '<tr><td>未答</td><td>' + skippedCount + '</td></tr>' +
                '</table>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>' +
                '<div class="report-actions">' +
                '<button id="review-btn">回顾测验</button>' +
                '<button class="primary" onclick="location.reload()">再试一次</button>' +
                '</div>' +
                '</div>';

            let reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }
            quizContentEl.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', finalScoreHtml);
            document.getElementById('review-btn').addEventListener('click', reviewQuiz);
        }

        function reviewQuiz() {
            const reportEl = document.querySelector('.final-score-container');
            if (reportEl) {
                reportEl.remove();
            }

            document.querySelector('.quiz-body').style.display = 'block';
            document.getElementById('quiz-footer').style.display = 'flex';
            
            currentQuestionIndex = 0;
            loadQuestion();
            updateNavigationButtons(); // Ensure nav buttons are correctly displayed
        }

        // Event Delegation for options
        optionsListEl.addEventListener('click', (event) => {
            if (event.target && event.target.matches('li.option-item')) {
                // Check if the question has already been answered
                if (userAnswers[currentQuestionIndex] === null) {
                    const selectedIndex = parseInt(event.target.dataset.index, 10);
                    selectOption(selectedIndex);
                }
            }
        });

        prevBtn.addEventListener('click', goToPreviousQuestion);
        nextBtn.addEventListener('click', goToNextQuestion);
        hintBtn.addEventListener('click', showHint);
        
        // 初始加载
        loadQuestion();
      </script>
    </body>
    </html>
  